Liquid-fuel burner



March 24, 1925.

F/lqi/ INVENTOR Alber W Morse BY I Maf

ATTORNEY March 24, 1925.

- 1,530,510 A. w.v MORSE LIQUID FUEL BURNER I Filed May 23, 1923 2 sheets-sheet 2 NVENTORI Alberi W Morse Patented Mar. 24, 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT W. MORSE, orv LONG ISLAND CITY, NEW YORK.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Application med May as,

To @ZZ lLol/m 'it may concern: y

Be it known that I, ALBERT 1V; MoRsE, a citizen of the Unitedy States, and a resident of Long Island City, in the county Lof Queens and State of New York, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel burners and more particular'-y ly to burners of the externally mixing,'low

' pressure, type, viz, burners in which the fuel and the air do not miX until after they are ejected from the burner andrefers more specifically' to burners which use socalled nebulizers for atomivzing the fuel; oil `into a very ne mist prior to mixing the same with the air, and in which nebulizers the atomizing effect is obtained by direction of admission of the fuel oil into passages leading into a small swirling chamber.

Itis an object of .this invention to provide a burner of this type which operates satisfactorily in conjunction with an intensely hot air supply. Another Object is to provide within the burner and around the liquidl fuel conduit a 'heat insulating chamber for the purpose of preventing excessive carbonization ofthe fuel oil. Additional objects, advantages and features of the invention'will'ap'pear from the con-` struction, arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter described 'and shown in the drawings, wherein-V i Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the burner;r l' y Fig. 2 is a transverse cross sectional view, taken along the plane of line 2-2, in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentaryl seo tion of the discharge end `of the burner;

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view `along the plane of line 4 4 in Fig. 3; and

Figs. 5 and 6 'show modifications of the manner of effecting a tight joint at the nebulizer end of theA heat insulating chamber.

Like characters of reference denote si1nilar parts throughout the several views and the following specification:

10 is a cylindrical casing of substantially L-shape, having a shorter branch 11 threaded interiorly to receive a hot airA supply pipe 12. The terminal of a longer branch 13 of casing 10 is threaded. exteriorly at 14.

Casing 10 is threaded interiorly, adja- 1923. Serial No. 640,873.

l` Cent tolbranch 11, to receive a plug 1r5, provided with a iange 16 to make a tightjoint against the casing, and a hexagonal part 17" to-facilitate screwing the plug 15 into the casing.

`'Plug' 15 is bored out to receive an oil spindle 18. This oil spindle' is of hollow construction, being provided with a central duct 19, and extends through the casing 10 in central alignment, with the branch 13. 2O is an enlarged upper end of spindle 18, threaded interiorly to receive a nebulizer plug 21.

4Nebulizer plug 21 is provided in its center with a hollow core 22, cylindrical in shape, called the swirl chamber. 23 is a plug screwed into the lower part of 'plug 21 for the purpose of machining chamber 22: At the top of the chamber 22 and in its center is a small circular outlet opening 24. 25 and 26 are small drilled passages extendingV into the plug 21 at the sides of chamber 22. 27 and 28 are ducts or inlet orifices joining the innermost ends of .passages 25 and 26 with the upper part of 22 tangentially, as is shownin Fig. 4, andy they are further slightly inclined towards the outlet end. 29 is a polygonal projection around the outside of the plug 21, to facilitatev screwing the same into the sp-indle.r The top of the'nebulizer 21 is chamfered at 30,n so as to make the finall outlet passage 24 as short as possible..

15El is a tube surrounding the oil spindle 18, and is threaded at both ends, the one end being screwed into a correspondingly threadedy socket 15" in plug'15, and the otherend having va deflcctor cap 31 screwed onto it, forming a closed chamber 15c around the oil spindle l1S.

Deflector cap 31, as shown in Fig. l, 3 and 5, is' provided with a circular central opening 32j which is smaller than the outside diameter of the nebulizer 21. Below 32`r is a recess 33 within cap 31, of such diameter as to fit snugly, but slidingly, over the corners of the polygonal portion 29 of plug 21. V34 is an oil deflecting surface extending from outlet 32 to the top of the cap, and 35 is an air deflecting surface surrounding the surface 34 on the top of cap 31, the included angle at which these deiecting surfaces meet, being an acute one, that is, 90 degrees or less.

In Figs. 1 and 3, the top of the nebuliZe-r 21 forms a tight joint with the bottom of the recess 33 in cap 31. In Fig. 5, amodification, a thickened portion 18a of the oil spindle 18 makes a tight joint with the end of recess 33; and in a still further modified form of joint, shown in Fig. 6, the oil spindle 18 projects through the cap 31 from which the recess 33 has been eliminated, and a tight joint is maintained by the nebulizer 21 seatingagainst the outside of the cap 3-1.

36 is a cap adapted to screw onto the threaded end 14 of branch 13 of casing 10, which cap is provided with acentral opening' 37 of a diameter larger than the circle in which surfaces 34 and 35 of cap 31 meet. 38 is an inner deiecting face of cap 36. 39 are lugs on the outside of the cap 36 to facilitate screwing the same onto the-threaded part 14.

40 is a reduced portion of oil spindle 18, projecting outside of the casing 10 and iS threaded exteriorly to receive a needle valve 41 of standard construction, controlling the flow of oil to the burner from a pipe 42.

rIhe operation of the device is, as follows:

Oil, under pressure, passes throughV conduit 19 into the nebuli'zer 21, through passages 25 and 26 and from there through inlet orifices 27 and 28 intov the swirl chamber 22. Owing to the direction of the inlet orifices, tangentially with respect to the wall of chamber 22, t-he oil is being given a swirling motion and is finally expelled in form of a very fine mist from outlet` 24 where it assumes the shape of an inverted cone, guided by chanifer 30 on the outside of the plug and the oil defiecting surface 34.

Hot air, under pressure, enters the air chamber-1 10 via the inlet pipe 12 and is deflected under its full pressure into thespray or mist of oil. The resulting mixture leaves the main outlet 37 at high velocity.

In practice` it has been found that owing to the excessive heat aroundv the oil spindle 13, in constructions as heretofore employed, the oil will Qarbonize very quickly and cause the outlet of the burner nozzle to be clogged` up, eventually resulting in a shut-down of the burner. lVith the use of the heat insulating chamber 15C, however, it is obvious that there is present an amount of stagnant air surounding the oil spindle which is an excellent insulating medium, being a very poor conductor of heat. Small holes 1 5 may be provided for at the lower end of the insulating` chamber, through plug 15, if so desired, to allow for carrying off any eX- cess of heat, but these are optional and may be dispensed with without affecting the insulating qualities of the chamber 15c around the oil spindle.

While I have shown in the drawings the insulating chamber 15C made of tubing and threaded into a plug` screwed into the casing, other means of providing` this chamber may be used equally as well, so, for instance, a tubular extension may be cast integrally with the casing to form such a chamber, and the plug 15 screwed into the bottom of this chamber, or be dispensed with altogether.

It is further understood that while I have above described my invention as applied to one kind of burner, its use 'and application may be varied and serve other forms of burners as well.

Various other changes in the form, proportion and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing' any of the advantages of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim as new, is:

1. In a liquid fuel burner, a het air pipe, a fuel conduit projecting through the said hot air pipe. a nebulizer at the outlet end of the said fuel conduit, and au insulating` chamber surrounding the said fuel conduit within the said hot air pipe, and a cap having a recess for the said nebulizer and forming a tight closure to the said insulating chamber.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, a hot air pipe, a fuel conduit projecting through the said hot air pipe, a nebulizer at the outlet end of the said fuel conduit, an insulating chamber surrounding the said fuel conduit within the said hot air pipe, and a cap contacting with the said nebuhzer and forming a tight (.losure to the said insulating chamber.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, a hot air pipe, a fuel conduit projecting through the said hot air pipe, a nebulizer at the outlet end of the said fuel conduit, an insulating chamber surrounding the said fuel conduit within the said hot air pipe, a cap contacting with the said nebulizer and forming a tight closure to the said insulating chamber, and ports connecting the said insulating chamber directly with the atmosphere.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, a hot air pipe. a fuel conduit projecting through the said hot air pipe, a nebulizer at the outlet end of the said fuel conduit, and an annular insulating chamber surrounding the said fuel conduit within the said hot air pipe, the said insulating chamber being tightlyr closed at the end nearest the outlet end of the fuel conduit and having ports communicating directly with the atmosphere at its other end.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in presence of two subscribing' witnesses.

ALBERT W. MORSE. [ns] lVitnesses MABEL E. CHURoHrLL, ViLLiAM DENT, 

